
教材信息:
教材名称:《欧洲文化入门》
主编:王佐良 祝珏 李品伟 高厚堃
出版社:外语教学与研究出版社
版本:1992年9月第2版
课程简介
1课程目的:了解欧洲文化知识
2课程意义:积累英语历史常识
3学习方法:时间节点+关键词
4拓展拔高:中外史时间线对照
Division 1
Greek Culture and Roman Culture
1 Greek Culture
2 Roman Culture
Greek Culture
1.The Historical Context
2.Social and Political Structure
3.Homer
4.Lyric Poetry
5.Drama
6.History
7.Philosophy and Science
8.Art, Architecture, Sculpture and Pottery
9.Impact
Introduction
What are the major elements in European Culture?
Greco-Roman element
Judeo-Christian element
1.Historical Context
1200 B.C.
Greece and Troy war
5th century B.C.
Persian invasion——Greek Culture high point
5th century B.C. closed
Athens and Sparta civil war
Second half of the 4th century B.C.
Alexander, King of Macedon conquer
146 B.C.
Romans conquered Greece
2.Social and Political Structure
What were the main features of ancient Greek society?
Democracy:
exercise of power by the whole people
Economy:
immense amount of slave labour
Sports:
contests of sports on Olympus Mount
--Olympic Games (1896)
World’s foremost amateur sports competition
3.Homer (about 700 B.C.)
What did Homer do?
Iliad—deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon
Trojan side– Hector
Greek side– Achilles and Odysseus
Odyssey--the return of Odysseus after the war
his home land island of Ithaca
his faithful wife Penelope

Why is Homer important in the history of European Culture?
Countless writers have quoted, adapted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics.
Romantic poets (Byron, Shelley and Keats) expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics.
In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.
4.Lyric Poetry
Famous poets
Sappho (about 612-580 B.C.)
woman poet of Lesbos
Love poems of passionate intensity, some of which are addressed to women
Pindar (about 518-438 B.C.)
Odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games
5.Drama
Drama
Remote past--religious festivals
Performance--open-air theatres
Audience--sitting on stone benches
looking down at the stage from three sides
Actors-- wore masks

Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece?
What important plays did each of them write?
Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.)
(1)Prometheus Bound, Persians, Agamemnon
(2)Two actors and a chorus
(3)Written in verse
(4)Vivid character portrayal and majestic poetry
Sophocles (496-406 B.C.)
(1)Oedipus the King, Electra, Antigone
(2)Added a third actor and decreased the size of the chorus
(3)Contributed greatly to tragic art
(4)The Oedipus complex a man who unknowingly committed a terrible sin by killing his father and marry his mother

Euripides (484-406 B.C.)–
“Euripides the human ”(Elizabeth Browning)
(1)Andromache, Medea, Trojan Women
(2)Wrote mainly about women
(3)More of a realist concerned with conflicts
(4)Characters are less heroic, more like ordinary people
(5)Maybe called the first “problem plays”
6.History
Were there historians then?
Who are they?
What did each of them write about?
Herodotus (484-430 B.C.)–“Father of History”
(1)Wars between Greeks and Persians
(2)Drama and pathos
(3)Full of anecdotes and digressions and lively dialogue
Thucydides (about 460-404 B.C.)—“The greatest historian that ever lived”
(Macaulay)
(1)The war between Athens and Sparta
(2)The war between Athens and Syracuse
(3)Traced events to their cause and effects
(4)More accurate
(5)Wrote with imagination and power