免费试听
登录/注册体验更全面的学习服务
英语语法(2015年版代成保)基础学习班--代成保
您可以免费试用讲义功能,购买课程后,可对讲义进行下载、打印。
  1.0 Introduction
  Technical Terms 专业术语
  1.grammar :n 语法
  2.prescriptive grammar :n 规定性语法
  3.descriptive grammar :n 描述性语法
  4.morphology :n 形态学;词法学
  5.morpheme: n 词素;语素
  6.syntax :n 句法

  1.1 English Grammar
  1.16th century, William Bullokar, the first book for English grammar:Bref Grammar for English
  2.Descriptive grammar (描述性语法)
  examine the rules or patterns that underlie our use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences.(P40)
  3.Prescriptive grammar (规定性语法)
  try to enforce rules about what they believe to be the correct uses of language.(P40)
  描述性语法:通过分析语料库中词、短语、分句、句子等的使用方法,描述语言使用规则和模式。
  规定性语法:通过制定一些语言使用的规则,控制人们的语言行为。
  两者联系与区别:两者都是关于语言使用规则,但是方式不同。描述性语法关注描述语言是如何被人们所使用的,具有客观性;而规定性语法则是规定人们如何使用语言,具有主观性。(P40)
  4. English grammar is the body of rules that describe the structures of expressions in the English language.
  (This includes the structure of :words, phrases, clauses and sentences.)(P40)

  1.2 Terminology 术语
  ·grammar(语法):
  ①Broadly speaking, it is a full description of the form and meaning of the sentences of the language.广义,描述句子形式和意义。
  ②Narrowly speaking, it covers certain parts of a description, focusing on syntax and morphology.狭义,描述句法和形态。
  1.Syntax(句法) is concerned with the way words combine to form sentences.
  2.Morphology (形态) is related to the form of words.
  3.(传统)sentence:the expression of a complete thought.
  (现代)sentence(句子):the largest unit to which a grammatical structure can be assigned.
  4.常见句子结构:
  SV, SVC, SVO, SVOO, SVOA, SVOC, SVA.
  S=subject, V=verb, O=object,
  A=adverbial, C=complement.
  A sentence is composed of smaller units(P41):
  clause, phrase, words,etc.
  In grammatical terms, a sentence is the largest unit, a word is the smallest.(Figure1.1, P41)
  In writing system, the smallest meaningful element is Morpheme.(词素) (Figure1.2, P42)
  Text(语篇):several sentences could come together to form a larger linguistic unit— text— to convey a complete message.

  1.3 Morphemes 词素
  eg:unmentionables
  组成词素:un-mention-able-s
  每一个部分都有固定的意义,但是不可再细分。它们代表词素,是语法分析中最小的意义单位。
  Free morpheme(自由词素):a morpheme that can occur alone.
  Bound morpheme(粘着词素):a morpheme that can only occur in conjunction with at least one other morpheme.
  区别:
  A free morpheme can be a simple word:
  boy, girl, do, go...;or the root of a derivative(派生词的词根):unmentionables 中的 mention.
  A bound morpheme is an affix(词缀),either inflectional affix (曲折词缀, boy-s,go-ing),or derivational affix(派生词缀, kind-ness,im-polite).
  affix:prefix(前缀), suffix(后缀)
  eg:in,im...,-able,-tion
  (曲折词缀:具有语法规则,不构成新词,只改变词形。
  派生词缀:无固定规则,构成新词,改变词性。)
  Free morphemes often carry the meaning and can occur alone.
  Bound morphemes often show grammatical features and is affiliated to the root.(P43)

  1.4 Words 词
  Two major kinds of word classes:
  open class(开放词类) and closed class(封闭词类).
  open class:also called lexical words, focusing on the form of words. Their membership is fairly open-ended, so we can coin new words to add to them.
  eg:Nouns(名词N),Verbs(动词V),
  Adjective(形容词Adj),Adverbs(副词Adv).
  ·closed class:also called grammatical words, focusing on functions of words.Their membership is fixed and no words can be created.
  ·eg:Determiners(限定词Det),Pronouns(代词Pron),Prepositions(介词Prep),Conjunctions(连词Conj),Auxiliaries (助动词Aux)
  区别:
  Words in the open classes may be determined by three complementary criteria:meaning, form and function.
  (The most reliable is function.(利用功能辨别词类)
  eg:...... a lot of cash.
  ....... cash the check.)
  Closed-class members are mutually exclusive and mutually defining in meaning.(P45)

  1.5 Phrases 词组
  ·A phrase consists of one or more than one word, usually a string of words built up around a head word [which determines both the class of the phrase and the way it is structured.]
  ·Five types:
  ·noun phrase(NP); verb phrase(VP);
  ·adjective phrase(AP); adverb phrase(AdvP);
  ·prepositional phrase(PP).
  牢记:修饰noun用adj
  a nice girl
  修饰verb用adv
  He runs quickly.
  修饰adj用adv
  He is very happy.
  修饰adv用adv
  He works very hard.
  1.5.1 The noun phrase
  A noun phrase consists of a head word, which is usually a noun, and one or more optional modifiers.
  一个中心词(名词),一个或者多个可选的修饰语。
  构成:NP =(modifier) + head word+ (modifier)(P46-P47)
  1.5.2 The verb phrase
  ·A verb phrase consists of a head word, which is the main verb(主要动词) and other optional modifiers.
  ·构成:VP = (auxiliary) + (modifier)+ main verb
  ·若无auxiliary(助动词),此VP是simple verb phrase.
  ·若有auxiliary,此VP是complex verb phrase. (P47 - P48)
  区分:the finite verb phrase限定动词短语
  the non-finite verb phrase 非限定动词短语
  The head word or the first element of a finite verb phrase is a finite verb, which bears the tense marker and keep in concord with the subject.
  (即中心词为谓语部分,有时态变化,跟主语一致。)
  eg:Sue likes black coffee.
  I have not yet given up all hope of finding you.
  In a non-finite verb phrase, the first element is a non-finite verb free of the constraints that a finite verb is subject to.
  ·第一个成分是非限定动词,不可做谓语,即非谓语动词。
  ·1.Infinitive 动词不定式 (to + V原形)
  ·2.-ing participle 现在分词
  ·3.-ed participle 过去分词
  ·eg:I didn't expect you to be here.(P48)
  1.5.3 The adjective phrase
  An adjective phrase consists of an adjective as its head word and optional modifiers.
  构成:(premodifier)+adj+(postmodifier)
  eg:The game was very exciting.
  I don't find the language difficult to learn.(P49)
  1.5.4 The adverb phrase
  The head word of an adverb phrase is an adverb that can take optional premodifiers and postmodifiers.
  eg:He works very hard.
  He works hard enough.(P50)
  1.5.5 The prepositional phrase
  A prepositional phrase is a noun phrase which is the complement preceded by a preposition which is the head word.(P50-51)
  (即在名词短语之前加上作为中心词的介词,一般作补语。)
  eg:That man is dressed like a woman.
  There are a lot of people in the office.

购买课程后,所有章节讲座可不限次数、不限时间播放学习。直至考后一周关闭!(模拟试卷于考试结束当天关闭)。

Chapter 1 An overview
第01讲 English Grammar、Terminology、Morphemes、Words、Phrases
第02讲 Clauses、Sentences、The text
Chapter 2 Word-formation
第01讲 Word-formation
Chapter 3 Nouns, pronouns and number
第01讲 Noun classes、pronouns
第02讲 Number
Chapter 4 Determiners and genitives
第01讲 determiner
第02讲 Articles
第03讲 Genitives
第04讲 Chapter 4 考试专练
Chapter 5 Tense and Aspect 时态和体
第01讲 Introduction
第02讲 Simple Present
第03讲 Simple past
第04讲 Aspect
第05讲 Present progressive
第06讲 Past progressive
第07讲 Present perfect and present perfect progressive; Past perfect and past perfect progressive
第08讲 Willshall do sth; Be going to do sth; Present progressive; Simple present
第09讲 Other constructions expressing future time&练习
Chapter 6 Voice and mood 语态和语气
第01讲 Be-passive, get-passive and pseudo-passive
第02讲 Voice constraints
第03讲 By-phrase
第04讲 Be-subjunctive
第05讲 Were-subjunctive
第06讲 本章练习
Chapter 7 Modal auxiliaries 情态动词
第01讲 Can/could
第02讲 May and might
第03讲 will and shall、should and ought to
第04讲 Must, need and have(got) to、Dare
Chapter 8 Non-finite verbs 非限定动词
第01讲 Chapter preview&Introduction
第02讲 bare infinitive
第03讲 to-infinitive
第04讲 Other uses of infinitive
第05讲 -ing participle
第06讲 -ed participle&Dangling participle
Chapter 9 Adjective phrases and comparison
第01讲 Syntactic features of adjectives& Semantic classification
第02讲 Ordering of premodifying adjectives & Comparison
Chapter 10 Prepositions
第01讲 Introduction& Forms of prepositions
第02讲 Meanings of prepositions&Collocations of prepositions with verbs, adjectives and nouns
Chapter 11 Adverbials
第01讲 Time adjuncts、Place adjuncts、Process adjuncts
第02讲 Contingency adjuncts、Other adjuncts
第03讲 Disjuncts、Conjuncts
Chapter 12 Relative clause 关系分句
第01讲 Introduction、Restrictiveness and non-restrictiveness、Antecedents
第02讲 Choice of relative pronouns and relative adverbs
Chapter 13 Concord 一致
第01讲 Principles of concord&Subject-verb concord&Pronoun concord
Chapter 14 Coordination and subordination
第01讲 Coordination and subordination
Chapter 15 Clause structures, sentence types and discourse functions
第01讲 Clause structures, sentence types and discourse functions
Chapter 16 Information structure
第01讲 Information structure
购买课程后可享受对所有课程记录笔记的功能 。
登录/注册后可对试听课程进行记笔记操作,笔记内容可查看和再编辑 。

学员购买课程后方可进行提问!

专职老师全天候在线答疑,学员提交到答疑板上的问题最快将在8小时内即可得到准确答复,高效答疑!

学员问答
观看该课程的人还喜欢
暂无推荐视频
下载“自考365”APP,体验更多服务
立即体验完整课程
在线客服