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　　1.Of course， it would be as dangerous to overreact to history by concluding that the majority must now be wrong about expansion as it would be to re-enact the response that greeted the suggestion that the continents had drifted.

　　当然，对历史反应过度以致结论说关于扩张的问题大多数人都错了与重新形成对大陆漂浮建议理论的反应一样，是危险的。将来对于这些关键问题的研究毫无疑问是必要的，然而不应该否定更近研究结论的说服力，在18世纪的英格兰对于一些微不足道和有使用价值的商品和服务的需求，预示了我们今天的世界。

　　2.While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt， three key questions remain： who were the consumers？ What were their motives？ And what were the effect of the new demand for luxuries？

　　然而这种消费革命的情况还有疑问，三个关键的问题是：消费者是什么人？他们的动机是什么？对于奢侈品的新型需求的效果是什么？

　　3.Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted， only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.

　　尽管从生产厂商和服务行业认为他们的顾客需要并实际生产的产品或者提供的服务来推断他是可能的。但只有对实际的消费者填写的个人资料的研究才能清楚地描述顾客的需求。

　　4.With respect to their reasons for immigrating， Grassy does not deny their frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630‘s， most notably the organizers and clergy， advanced religious explanations for departure， but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect.

　　对于他们移民原因的细节，Grassy并不否认他们经常提出的事实-17世纪30年代的一些移民主要由组织家和牧师组成，提出了要离开的宗教解释，但他发现只是以回顾的方式推定的基本情况。

　　5.If we take the age-and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956 （when the overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent） and weight them by the age- and sex-specific shares of the labor force that prevail currently， the overall unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.

　　如果我们将1956年（当时的平均失业率为4.1%）的年龄和性别失业率分来用今天一般的劳动力中年龄性别比来计算的话，平均失业率就是5%了。

　　6.He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up： money and power.

　　他很迷惑我并不想要明显的是所有美国人被教导长大后要追求的东西：金钱和权力。

　　7.Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large， however， the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy‘s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.

　　除非生产力的增长出人意料的大，不然实际产出的扩大更终要开始减缓以适应经济的可持续发展，这样才能避免价格的综合需求压力。

　　8.However， when investment flows primarily in one direction， as it generally does from industrial to developing countries， the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the foreign investment and producing most of the income-namely， the developing country partner.

　　然而，当投资基本上流向一个方面时，就像一般从工业化到一般发展中国家一样，看起来是基于双方资源的规定产生的收入损失主要由接收大量外国投资和创造大部分收益的国家来承担-即发展中国家一方。

　　9.The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.

　　尽可能没有政府干预地追求个人利益被看作为通往人类幸福的道路和进步，而不是像希腊人强调的集体社会中的公共义务与参与。

　　10.The defense lawyer relied on long-standing principles governing the conduct of prosecuting attorneys： as quasi-judicial officers of the court they are under a duty not to prejudice a party‘s case through overzealous prosecution or to detract from the impartiality of courtroom atmosphere.

　　辩护律师依靠长期作用的准则来约束原告律师的行来：作为法庭的准司法人员，他们有责任不能过分起诉来偏见性对待一方的案子或者破坏法庭的公正气氛。